What is a monopoly?

Watch the video

What is a monopoly?

Monopoly is the situation on the market, where onethe enterprise operates without significant competitors. Due to this, the monopolist can not limit his actions, he can offer the goods to buyers on favorable terms. The first monopolies were created by the leaders of states, which gave the special right to some enterprises to trade with one or another product.

What is a monopoly: species

The division of monopolies into species is relatively arbitrary. Nevertheless, there is a natural, state, pure monopoly, as well as a conglomerate.

Natural monopoly

It occupies a special place in the market due to technological features in production.

The natural monopoly unitesCompanies managed by labor-intensive infrastructures. To create their similarity to other representatives of the market is not economically advantageous and is often technically impossible. As an example of such a monopoly, one can mention railway companies, enterprises that own water or electricity systems.

A natural monopoly is characteristic of the people'seconomy, where savings are caused by increasing production. At the same time, competition either can not arise, or is difficult for development. To such monopoly it is possible to carry those types of activity, where they produce goods for public use. One producer determines the capital required to enter.

State monopoly

It is created in accordance with the laws of a country, which determines the market restrictions in terms of products, forms of regulation and control over the monopolist's activities.

Pure monopoly

A pure monopoly implies that the market hasonly one provider of services or goods. To date, this is a fairly rare phenomenon. There are several companies on the market that compete with each other. The conglomerate also includes heterogeneous entities that are mutually integrated in the financial plan.

Pure monopolies can well exist whenstate support, and, most likely, they are more inherent in the local market. More often than not, a pure monopoly arises when circumstances such as these arise, for example, the production of many goods that do not have substitutes.

Features of pure monopoly:

one absolute monopolist-seller;
the product is unique, has no qualitative analogues;
monopoly has the full right to establish any value of its goods, the buyer is forced to take products at a fixed price;
there is no competition;
the entrance to the industry is closed.

Open and closed monopoly

With an open monopoly, one enterprise (at leastfor a limited period) is the only supplier of products, but there is no protection from competitors. In this position, newcomers are more likely to come to the market recently with unique products.

Closed monopoly, unlike open, is protected from competitors in the form of a patent, legal restrictions and copyright.

Activities of FAS Russia

In many countries there are organs thatcontrol the monopoly of trade, impose certain restrictions on monopoly activity. Such bodies are called antimonopoly committees and services. In Russia there is the Federal Antimonopoly Service, an executive body that monitors compliance with antimonopoly laws, and also acts as the enactment of normative acts.

Functions of the FAS Russia

FAS Russia exercises control:

Compliance with antimonopoly laws.
Compliance with laws on natural monopolies.
Compliance with advertising laws.
In the field of placing orders for the supply of goods, works and services for federal needs.
In the field of placing orders for the supply of goods, works and services for the needs of the subjects of the Russian Federation and municipal needs in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
For the implementation of foreign investment in households. The society that is important for the defense and security of the country.

The game "Monopoly"

The word "monopoly" has another meaning: it is a familiar board game where participants can rent, buy and sell their property.

At the beginning of the game, all players must place their chips on the "Forward" field and then move around the field depending on how many points are dropped.

If the player moves, for example, to the SiteReal estate, no one else owns, it can buy it from the Bank. If the player does not take it, then it can be sold at the Auction to another player who will be able to pay for it more than others. Players who have Real Estate can take a rent from the players who fall on their Site. For houses and hotels, this fee increases, so it is more profitable to build them on a larger number of Sites. To get money you can lay your real estate.

In the course of the game, you need to follow the instructions on the cards "Public Treasury" and "Chance". It is important to maintain control, since you can get to Prison. The goal of the game is to become one player who has not gone bankrupt.

You can play in Monopoly and online. You can find many sites where users are offered to play this game, for example, monopoly-club.ru and monopolystar.ru.