What is an enterprise?
In various fields of activity we are constantlywe face a variety of legal entities. They all have their own characteristics. In this article we will consider one of them - the enterprise. You will learn what an enterprise is, get information about the classification, structure and types of property.
The concept of "enterprise"
By this term is meant the subject whoproduces goods or provides services. The purpose of the existence of any enterprise is to make a profit. They can be called the main link in the economy of any state, as they supplement the budget by paying taxes, provide jobs and social guarantees for employees.
Enterprises are independent:
- in determining the direction of production of goods or a list of services;
- in the determination of prices, the number of products, purchases, the choice of suppliers;
- in the distribution of the application of the produced product.
Classification of enterprises
There are several approaches in dividing enterprises into groups:
a) Depending on the number of people involved in their facilities:
- Small (less than 100 people);
- average (100-499 people);
- Large (over 500 people).
b) Depending on the individual or legal entity owning the enterprise:
- private;
- state;
- municipal;
- belonging to public organizations;
- others.
c) Depending on organizational features:
- individual;
- corporations;
- partnership.
Company structure
The structure of the enterprise is called its internalThe device that characterizes his units and the connections between the superior and the subordinate. This concept is purely individual for each enterprise. It depends on its size, type, organizational features, the nature of the work, the scale of production.
There are industrial and general structureenterprises. The production structure includes a set of all units involved directly or indirectly in the production process. To the general structure - all divisions of the enterprise and the management apparatus.
For example, we will analyze a typical structureproduction enterprise. At its head is the director. Directly subordinate to the director are: Chief Engineer, Chief Economist, Commercial Director, Production Manager and Deputy Personnel and Social Affairs, as well as Accounting, Chancellery and Technical Control.
The chief engineer is responsible for ensuring the workall technical devices, development. Under the control of the chief economist is the management of the company's cash. The commercial director deals with marketing and transportation. The chief of production monitors directly the production processes. The head of personnel and social issues is responsible for recruiting new workers, providing them with social guarantees, organizing leisure.
The property of the enterprise
Each enterprise has certain typesproperty. These include all material and non-material values, the money that is in its possession. Accordingly, the enterprise has the right to dispose of and use them.
All property can be divided into two maingroups: movable and immovable. The real estate includes land, water, forests, natural resources, buildings, machinery, equipment. All real estate must be registered in state registers without fail. Movable property includes everything else.
In addition to movable and immovable property, non-current and current assets, capital and reserves are allotted.
About that, from what the property of the enterprise consists, it is possible to learn from the article Composition of property of the enterprise.
Now you are guided in the question of what an enterprise is, and you know its main features.
Perhaps you will also benefit from the article What are the firms.
Information about various organizations is in the article What is an organization.
