What is a differential?
The concept of differential occurs in two sciences - mathematics and mechanics. Consider what a differential and its characteristics are in each of the applications.
Differential in mathematics
The differential of the function y = f (x) is equal to the product of its derivative by the increment of the independent variable x (argument). dy = f "(x) * Δx, that is, it is the linear part of the increment of the function.
The differential has properties analogous to the properties of the derivative:
- Let u and v be functions of the independent variable x;
- dC = 0 (C is a constant value);
- d (u + v) = du + dv;
- d (uv) = u dv + v du d (Cu) = C du;
- d (u / v) = (v du - u dv) / v2.
Differential in mechanics
Using a differential in a vehicleallows the wheels of one axis to rotate at different angular speeds to enter the turn (inter-wheel differential), i.e. there is a redistribution of the torque between the wheels of one axis.
Types of differentials by purpose
- open (without blocking);
- closed (with locking).
Types of differentials by location
- interwheel front / rear;
- interaxial.
When the differential is locked, the moment is transmitted to the standing wheel or axle.
Types of differential locks:
- active. The blocking occurs on the command of the electronic control unit: electrical coupling;
- passive (no control units). Blocking occurs due to the design: screw, viscous coupling, friction.
To understand the differences in the types of differentials and their purpose in more detail, read the article How the differential works.
