How did the farmers and artisans live in Egypt?

Ancient Egypt - one of the oldest civilizationsa world that originated in the north-east of Africa. The ruler of Egypt was the pharaoh, who was served by the nobles. Craftsmen and farmers represented a large stratum of the population of ancient Egypt and were subordinate to the nobles. In the graduation of the inhabitants of Ancient Egypt, these two estates occupied low ground. Next, we will tell you about the life of farmers and artisans in Egypt.

Work days

Farmers and artisans fed not onlyhimself, but also the nobles, scribes, warriors of the pharaoh. Most of the work done by farmers and artisans went to the state treasury. The farmer's day in ancient Egypt began with the sunrise, and ended at sunset. The whole life of the farmer was closely connected with the Nile - one of the greatest river systems in the world. When the river spilled, it was necessary to watch that not only the fields and lands near the Nile remained watered, but also those that were at a certain distance. In the fields that were located far from the Nile River, the ancient Egyptians were digging canals that were blocked by special dams. When the Nile was flooded, the dams were opened.

After the watering process, the peasants proceeded to sow. The soft, fertile Egyptian land was fertilized with mud and did not require any colossal efforts in processing. The Egyptian farmers and peasants were stung with the help of wooden sickles, where silicon inserts were used as a cutting part. Subsequently, sickles began to be made of bronze. The first peasants earmarked the peasants to their master, the nobleman.

Another great layer of society in ancient Egypt were artisans: potters, tanners, weavers.

They did not sell the products of their labor, sinceThat moment there was no commodity-money relationship. However, historians have opinions and hypotheses that some measure of value was, on the ancient Egyptian images you can see how some buyers carry small boxes with them. Presumably, these were boxes for measuring grain. In the process of exchange, not only goods, but also services were often featured. For example, one rich noble very generously rewarded craftsmen, who built him a magnificent tomb.

Dwelling place

How did the life of artisans and farmers in Ancient Egypt from the everyday point of view?

It should be said that at home craftsmen andfarmers could not boast of a particularly exquisite decoration. The main purpose of their home was to protect from heat during the day and from the piercing cold and wind at night. As a building material, not stone was used, which is strange, because Egypt is a country rich in stone, and clay. And the brick was molded from a mixture of clay and cane with manure. This gave additional strength to the structure. To get to the craftsman's house, it was necessary to go down a couple of steps down, as the floor level in the house was lower than the ground level. Did this to ensure that the house was always cool.

Food

The craftsmen and farmers were fed enoughtasteless, but nourishing food - cakes from barley. Rarely did they eat meat and vegetables and, as a rule, received them from nobles. The main food product of the handicraft and peasant classes was the rhizome of papyrus, cooked in a special way and acquired in the process of cooking starchy taste. As for the drinks of the common people, the main thing was beer. There was a special man in agricultural work, who watched the farmer bring a drink on time. Many scientists believe that it was still not beer, but kvass.

Appearance

Attributes of the clothes of farmers and artisans are notdiffered a special variety. The standard suit looked like this: a loincloth or a knee length skirt, a headband. The peasants walked barefoot, sandals began to be used in ancient Egypt in the later period of the heyday of civilization.

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