What part of speech is the word?

Sometimes it is quite difficult at first sightDetermine which part of the speech is the word, and in fact many orthographic rules, spelling and grammatical analysis depend on this procedure. After all, part of speech is a group of words that have similar syntactic functions, as well as similar lexical and grammatical characteristics.

Here are some simple guidelines that will help you determine the part of the speech of a particular word.

Define the initial form of the word

First you need to determine the initial form of the word. For example, passports - a passport, act - acts, beautiful - beautiful, etc.

Determine the meaning of the word

Then, relying on the initial form of the word, it follows thatdetermine what it means. In Russian, each part of speech means certain features and properties. The noun denotes animate or inanimate objects; adjective, participle, adverb describe properties and characteristics; the verb indicates the action of the object or object; numeral - by number and order. These parts of speech are independent.

But there is another group of words that are separatedpractically never used - official parts of speech. They do not have their own lexical meaning, but they are used only for a bunch of words in a sentence and giving emotions to phrases. These include prepositions, conjunctions, particles and interjections. Already at this stage, you can determine which part is the word.

It happens that a word in a different context can bedifferent parts of speech. For example, "dress beautifully" - here "beautiful" - a short adjective; "speak beautifully" - here "beautifully" is an adverb. Therefore, in disputable cases of defining part of speech, be sure to rely on the context in which the word is used.

Asking clarifying question

If you can not determine the part of the speech bylexical meaning, then the clarifying question almost always helps in this. Here is a list of questions to make it easier for you to assign a word to this or that part of the speech:

Who! What? - these questions are answered by the noun. It means an object, for example: a book, a person, an eraser.
What to do? What to do? - these are the questions that the verb answers. This part of speech indicates the action of the object, for example: walking, sneezing, planting.
What are you doing? What did you do? - these questions are answered by the gerund, for example: doing, eating, answering.
Which one? What's doing? What is being done? What did he do? What is doing? What's done? - questions of participles. Communion can be real (reading, playing, learning, deciding) and passive (crushed, hung, painted), in the present (acting, changing) and in the past tense (exile, crying). Communion is easily distinguished from the adjective by specific suffixes of the sacrament. In addition, the participles are formed from the verb, combining the signs of the verb and the adjective. Adjectives do not have specific suffixes of participles, and only verbal adjectives have verb signs.
Which one? What? - these questions are characteristic of the name of the adjective, it indicates the feature of the subject, for example: soft, straight, tetrad.
How many? What account? Which the? Are questions of the numerals. Numerical definition is easiest, because they can be distinguished by the numbers that are in the word: first, eleven, three hundred and eighty-one.
How? When? Where? Where? - these are the questions of adverb, which denotes the sign of action, the sign of the sign. For example: interesting, creative, fast.
Who! What? Which the? Which one? Are the characteristic questions of the pronoun. They are used to replace other independent parts of speech. A pronoun is easy to distinguish because it does not name the object or object, but merely points to it. For example: he, our, ourselves, that, you.

If the question did not help to understand which part of the speech is the word, then, most likely, this is the official part of the speech. In the Russian language there are four of them: a preposition, a union, a particle, an interjection.

The union most often connects the homogeneous members of a sentence and parts of a complex sentence. Example: a, but, because, therefore, for, when.
The preposition is necessary for a bunch of words in phrases and sentences. For example: because of, under, over, on, through.
A particle is necessary for making an additional value in a word, phrase, sentence. For example: either, only, even, at all.
Interjection. This service part of the speech serves to convey the expression of feelings and emotions. For example: ah, MDA, ish.

If after you have defined the lexicalmeaning and asked clarifying question, for you it is not clear which part of speech is the word, then you can look into any explanatory dictionary. As a rule, they indicate part of the speech of a word.