How is the phone made?

We are so used to telephone communication thatFor a long time already and we do not reflect: and how does it work? Moreover, in addition to stationary phones, mobile versions of this device have appeared. So what is this - the phone?

The device and operating principle of a wired telephone

1. A microphone is located in the regular handset.
2. From the sounds of the voice, the diaphragm that representsthe thin membrane malfunctions, vibrates. It transmits vibration to the coal dust behind it, through which already there is an electric current. The power of the current is affected by the height of the voice, and its timbre.
3. On the telephone wires the electric current goes to another device.
4. At the top of the handset is an electromagnet that transmits current oscillations to another membrane. It turns them into sound waves. That is - in the voice of your interlocutor.

Mobile Phone Device

But a cell phone is more like a walkie-talkie. At least, the principle of its operation is closer to this device, since radio waves are used for signal transmission. The basic difference is that the walkie-talkies are connected to one antenna. And only if they catch her signal, they can connect.

And how is the mobile phone arranged? He is therefore mobile, which is not tied to a particular station. He catches the strongest signal from the nearest station and changes them as you move. Today there are base stations in practically every corner of the Earth. Each of them is responsible for its coverage area. Schematically, the coverage area strongly resembles bee honeycombs. Because, in fact, the phones are called cellular phones. There are also satellite and radiotelephones, and trunk communication devices. But today cellular communication is the most widespread. Therefore, apparently, and appropriated to myself two names at once.

How mobile works

The mobile phone works as follows:

1. The first step is to insert the SIM card into the phone.
2. After that, the mobile phone starts scanning all available frequencies. They, by the way, are more than 160.
3. From this mass, the machine chooses the 6 strongestsignals and writes them to the SIM card. These signals are already specific to your network. By the way, the SIM card itself is not an easy device. It has its own software control and its unique identification number, and even its own personal digital password.
4. When the subscriber calls, the phone transmits information to the station with the most powerful signal, such stations are called BTS (base stations of networks).
5. The information falls into the operator-controllera local area (LAC), which, in turn, transmits information to a center that monitors a specific geographic area (MSC). They find a free channel and connect you with your interlocutor, only the actions occur in the reverse order (MSC - LAC - BTS - phone).
6. But the conversation is a very complicated process. The voice is divided into segments of 20 milliseconds.
7. After that, everything is digitized, and a special system encodes it.
8. And the encrypted signals are coded once more - all extraneous noises are removed.
9. The coded signal, before playback at the receiver, undergoes conversion to the voice in the reverse order of encoding.
10. Thus you hear the voice of our interlocutor.

History of the phone

Having dealt with how the phone is made, you can recall the person who invented it.

The inventor of a wired telephone is consideredAlexander Bell, although, to be honest, the championship belongs to the Italian Antonio Meucci. He first, back in 1860, realized that sound vibration can be turned into electrical impulses. Namely, thanks to this principle, the voice can be transmitted over wires. Meucci was a good inventor, but a bad businessman. But Alexander Bell, just fine, was able to turn novelties into money. Although he himself was a good inventor, which allowed him to appreciate the novelty of the Italian.