Composition of human blood
What is the composition of human blood? Blood is one of the tissues of the body, consisting of plasma (liquid part) and cellular elements. Plasma is a homogeneous transparent or slightly cloudy liquid having a yellow tint, which is the intercellular substance of the blood tissues. Plasma consists of water in which substances (mineral and organic) are dissolved, including proteins (albumins, globulins and fibrinogen). Carbohydrates (glucose), fats (lipids), hormones, enzymes, vitamins, individual components of salts (ions) and some metabolic products.
Together with the plasma, the body displays productsmetabolism, various poisons and immune complexes of antigen-antibody (which occur when foreign particles enter the body as a protective reaction for their removal) and all unnecessary, interfering with the work of the body.
Blood composition: red blood cells
Cellular elements of blood are also heterogeneous. They consist of:
- erythrocytes (red blood cells);
- leukocytes (white blood cells);
- thrombocytes (blood platelets).
Erythrocytes are red blood cells. Transport oxygen from the lungs to all human organs. It is the erythrocytes that contain the iron-containing protein, bright red hemoglobin, which attaches oxygen to the lungs from the inhaled air, then gradually transfers it to all organs and tissues of various parts of the body.
Leukocytes are white blood cells. Responsible for immunity, i.e. The ability of the human body to resist various viruses and infections. There are different types of leukocytes. Some of them are directed directly at the destruction of bacteria that have penetrated into the body or various foreign cells. Others are involved in the development of special molecules, so-called antibodies, which are also needed to fight various infections.
Platelets are blood plates. They help the body stop bleeding, that is, regulate blood coagulability. For example, if you damaged a blood vessel, a blood clot will appear on the injury site in time, after which a crust forms, consequently, the bleeding will stop. Without platelets (and with them a number of substances that are contained in the blood plasma), clots will not form, so any wound or nosebleed, for example, can lead to a large loss of blood.
Composition of blood: norm
As we already mentioned above, there are redblood corpuscles and white blood cells. So in the norm of red blood cells (red blood cells) in men should be 4-5 * 1012 / l, in women 3.9-4.7 * 1012 / liter. Leukocytes (white blood cells) - 4-9 * 109 / l of blood. In addition, in 1 μl of blood there is 180-320 * 109 / L of blood platelets (platelets). Normally, the cell volume is 35-45% of the total blood volume.
Chemical composition of human blood
Blood ishes every cell of the human bodyand each organ, therefore, responds to any changes in the body or lifestyle. Factors affecting the composition of the blood are quite diverse. Therefore, the doctor, in order to properly read the test results, you need to know about bad habits and physical activity of a person and even about the diet. Even the environment and that affects the composition of the blood. Also, blood counts are affected by everything related to metabolism. For example, you can consider how a normal meal changes blood counts:
- Eating before the blood test increases the concentration of fats.
- Fasting for 2 days will raise bilirubin in the blood.
- Fasting for more than 4 days will reduce the amount of urea and fatty acids.
- Fatty foods will raise the level of potassium and triglycerides.
- Excessive intake of meat will increase the level of urates.
- Coffee increases the level of glucose, fatty acids, white blood cells and red blood cells.
The blood of smokers is significantly different from bloodpeople leading a healthy lifestyle. However, if you lead an active lifestyle, you must reduce the intensity of training before you pass a blood test. Especially it concerns the delivery of tests for hormones. Affect the chemical composition of blood and various medications, so if you take something, be sure to tell your doctor.
