What is gasoline?

Probably, every person, ever wonderedthis issue. What is gasoline? Gasoline is the lightest fraction of oil. In the process of oil refining, gasoline is obtained. The composition of gasoline - a molecule with a length of C 5 to C 10. But different types of gasoline differ in composition and properties, as it is obtained not only as one of the types of primary sublimation of oil. Gasoline is also produced from associated gas.

1. Gasoline is a recycled productassociated petroleum gas, which contains hydrocarbons with a total number of atoms of at least three. Variants of gasoline are unstable (BGN) and stable (BGS). BGS is divided into two brands - light (BL) and heavy (BT). All this is used in petrochemicals and is used as raw materials.
2. Cracking-gasoline is a product of additionaloil refining. Distillation of oil in the usual way gives only 10-20% of gasoline. To increase its volume, heavy or high-boiling fractions are heated up to break large molecules into small sizes that are part of gasoline. All this is called cracking. An interesting fact is the cracking of fuel oil at high temperatures of 450-550 ° C.

Of what do gasoline

This issue is now very relevant. Pyrolysis is a process that occurs at temperatures of 700-800 ° C. The total yield of gasoline with cracking and pyrolysis can be increased to 85%. It should also be noted that cracker opened and created a project of an industrial installation for it in 1891, the Russian engineer VG Shukhov.

Petrol in addition to the classification of the octane number, has its other classifications and varieties that are used not only for the production of fuel for motors.

Properties and applications

In addition to the above species, they are also referred to as: ББЦ (stands for "" gasoline for household purposes "), gasoline secondary processes in production, absorbent, oligomerizat and BPC (decoding," gasoline for industrial purposes ").

What is gasoline and how does it get? Gasoline grades such as A-76, H-80, Ai-92, AI-95 and Ai-98 refineries are produced by mixing fuel components. The process of compadication, the so-called mixing, must be strictly and strictly regulated, and the final product must comply with GOST, and only then the output will be gasoline with an exact octane number.

The octane number is an indicator of those properties,at which engine fuel detonates. Gasoline is compared with the isooctane mixture, and heptane. Provided that the octane number of gasoline is 95, it will be detonated as a mixture of 95% isooctane and 5% heptane. After the initial oil distillation, the octane number of gasoline does not exceed 70. Quality improvement for low-grade gasolines is done not only with compadication, but also with the use of antiknock additives (up to 0.3%). So far, one of the most common additives is the tetraethyl lead Pb (C 2 H 5) 4 mixed with C 2 H 5 Br. When they are burned, volatile lead bromide is released, which is released into the atmosphere. To reduce its bad effects on human health and on the environment, anti-detonators are used. One of the most famous is methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), which has a number of advantages; He is also deprived of the main drawback - that huge toxicity peculiar to lead.

Octane number

What is gasoline manufactured from, and how to determine the octane number? The definitions of the real octane number are divided into several methods:

• The method is motor. It was invented by UNOCAL-76, which is the first in the production of Ai-76. The essence of this method is the determination of the detonation time on the engine (single-piston) when simulating a tense ride. For this reason, the octane number may turn out to be too low.
• Research method. It is carried out on a single-piston engine without imitating a hard drive. A characteristic feature is a slightly overestimated octane number.
• The method is chromatographic. Used as an addition to other methods, usually to detect regulated impurities (benzene, for example).

Filling is where the quality of productsis at the appropriate level. And it is better to find out where the gasoline is better from your friends and acquaintances than to be conducted on advertising. Remember that bad gasoline literally corrodes the engine of your car.