How to drill a well?

Clean drinking water is a pledge of good health. Therefore, each owner of the land plot takes care of its availability in sufficient quantity. Most often this requires drilling a well. Own source will reduce the cost of water, especially in summer (intensive irrigation time), and the quality of water (provided that it is taken from deep layers) is better than tap water.

If you are going to drill a well for waterwith your own hands, without recruiting specialists, yet take care of the presence of two assistants. With their help, the work will require less time and much less effort. In addition to the workforce, you will need tools.

Tools for drilling wells

The main tool for drilling a well is actually the drill itself. Depending on the soil, you need to select the appropriate drill bit. It can be:

• The spiral-shaped drill. It is used for drilling in clay soil. The length of its blades reaches 29 cm.
• Boar spoon. It is a metal cylinder with a spiral or longitudinal slot. It is used on loamy and sandy-clay soils.
• Bur-chisel. An indispensable tool for impact drilling. Can have both a flat shape and a cross-shaped. Excellent cope with hard ground.

Another bailer is required, it is convenient to extract itloose soil from the well. By the form of the bailers can be ordinary and piston. The inside diameter varies from 25 to 96 mm, outside - from 95 to 219 mm. To remove soil from the site, you need to prepare a shovel and wheelbarrow. Also should be stocked:

• Casing. They will serve as the aquifer of the well. Pipe material can be different, if they are made of polyethylene, then it must necessarily be thick-walled. Usually the depth of the well requires the splicing of several pipes, and so that they can not be soldered together, one can buy threaded pipes and simply connect them.
• Pump and hose of sufficient length.
• Steel pipes or other improvised material for the construction of the tower.
• Sieve for gravel screening and gravel itself (we will fill it in the space between the ground and the casing).

Preparatory work

Casing

Before you drill a well under water, you needto carry out a number of preparatory measures. In the casing you should make perforating holes. From the bottom end of the pipe retreat 0.5-1 m and, moving upwards, in a section of 1.5-2 m drill through holes 5-6 mm in diameter. If larger holes are required, they are covered with a filter net. Attached to the pipes are bars serving as guides. They will help to place the pipe in the center and make a gap between it and the borehole the same from all sides, which will help to fill the gravel with an even layer.

Derrick for drilling

If the water is at a sufficient depth, fordrilling will require the construction of a tower. It can be welded from pipes, or use logs or rods for this purpose. To the rig, which usually has the form of a tripod with a winch secured inside, a drilling column is mounted, located strictly in the center of the future well. The recommended length of the rods is not less than 3 m.

Selecting the location for the well

The next stage is the choice of the location for drilling. To ensure that the tremendous efforts are not in vain, and the water is drinkable and meets all sanitary and hygienic standards, the well should be located away from cesspools and compost pits, toilets and garbage collection sites. A distance of at least 20 m from each of these objects is considered safe.

The selected place is cleared, freeing of debris, the ground is leveled, at the place where the drill enters the ground, a 2-bay bay is excavated by a shovel.

Drilling wells

The process of drilling a well is the periodic descent and lifting of drilling equipment.

1. The drill is installed in a dug well and screwed into the ground for several turns. After this, it must be removed and cleaned.
2. As the drill is immersed, it is required to increase it, for this use extension rods. Drag the drill from the depth with the help of a winch and systematically release it from the blade.
3. To make the soil easier to drill, it is softened with water.
4. When the drill gets deeper into the ground by about 1 m, inA casing is inserted into the well, and subsequent drilling will take place already inside it. The pipe will gradually lower, blocking the flow of water from the upper layers of the soil, while serving to strengthen the walls of the well.
5. When the first pipe is almost completely immersed in the ground, a second one joins it, this allows the formation of the wellbore, while cleaning it from the dump.
6. Once the aquifer has been reached, the drilling is stopped. The space between the soil and the walls of the casing is covered with pre-prepared gravel.

Purification of well

The water entering the well is not yet suitable foruse and it must be cleaned of foreign impurities. For this, the water is pumped out until it is clean. The following recommendations will help to carry out this process correctly.

• A pump of suitable power (depending on the depth of the well) is set at 70-80 cm from the bottom of the well.
• Muddy water is taken to the maximum distance from the source.
• In this operating mode, the pump must be cleaned regularly with clean water.

With small interruptions, pumping a well cantake from 10-12 hours to several days. This depends on the depth of the drilled well and the rock. When clean water flows from the well, the work on the arrangement of its own source on its site can be considered complete. There will be finishing works to decorate this territory.

On this topic will be useful material from the article How to drill a well.